Impact of anaerobic digestion on organic matter quality in pig slurry

Changes in pig slurry organic matter (OM) during anaerobic digestion (AD) were studied in a reactor to characterize OM evolution through AD. OM maturity and stability were evaluated using different biological and physico-chemical methods. Germination and growth chamber experiments revealed a higher maturity of digested slurry (DS) than raw slurry (RS). Soil incubations showed that DS was more stable than RS with a C-mineralization of 12.0 g CO2-C 100 g1 Corg after 49 days as compared to 17.6 g CO2-C100 g1 Corg. Biochemical fractionation showed a relative increase in stable compounds such as hemicellulose-like and lignin-like molecules. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed some changes in the chemical structures of OM with a reduction in the aliphatic chain, lipid and polysaccharide levels. A comparison between the evolution of OM during AD and the first weeks of a composting process showed almost identical changes. Finally a theoretical method called Fictitious Atomic-group Separation was applied to the elemental compositions of RS and DS. DS was less humified than RS and presented the properties of a fulvic acid, indicating that the observed stability in DS was mainly due to the biodegradation of the most labile compound

Histoire politique du contemporain

Vincent Duclert, professeur agrégéPhilippe Artières, chargé de recherche au CNRSJudith Revel, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-I/Panthéon-SorbonnePerrine Simon-Nahum, chargée de recherche au CNRS Histoire des engagements intellectuels à l’époque contemporaine L’engagement des intellectuels, inauguré dans l’affaire Dreyfus, a créé des I— formes et des pratiques spécifiques de mobilisations civiques et politiques. Celles-ci ont cependant évolué fortement au cours du XXe siècle, en rel..

Histoire politique, philosophie

Vincent Duclert, professeur agrégéPerrine Simon-Nahum, Philippe Artières, chargés de recherche au CNRSJudith Revel, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-I/Panthéon-Sorbonne Histoire des engagements intellectuels à l’époque contemporaine. Le moment politique de la philosophie française Ce séminaire étudie la philosophie française lorsqu’à l’époque contemporaine (XIXe-XXIe siècle) elle se saisit d’objets et d’enjeux politiques et qu’elle en donne des résolutions philosophiques, plaçant al..

Effect of contrast material injection protocol on first-pass myocardial perfusion assessed by dual-energy dual-layer computed tomography

Background: Dual-energy dual-layer computed tomography (CT) scanners can provide useful tools, such as iodine maps and virtual monochromatic images (VMI), for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion defects. Data about the influence of acquisition protocols and normal values are still lacking. Methods: Clinically indicated coronary CT-angiographies performed between January-October 2018 in a single university hospital with dual-energy dual-layer CT (DE-DLCT) and different injection protocols were retrospectively evaluated. The two protocols were: 35 mL in patients <80 kg and 0.5 mL/kg in patients >80 kg at 2.5 mL/sec (group A) or double contrast dose at 5 mL/sec (group B). Patients with coronary stenosis >50% were excluded. Regions of interest were manually drawn on 16 myocardial segments and iodine concentration was measured in mg/mL. Signal-to-noise, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and image noise were measured on conventional images and VMI. Results: A total of 30 patients were included for each protocol. With iodine concentrations of 1.38 +/- 0.41 mg/mL for protocol A and 2.07 +/- 0.73 mg/mL for protocol B, the two groups were significantly different (P<0.001). No significant iodine concentration differences were found between the 16 segments (P=0.47 and P=0.09 for group A and B respectively), between basal, mid and apical segments for group A and B (P=0.28 and P=0.12 for group A and B respectively) and between wall regions for group A (P=0.06 on normalised data). In group B, iodine concentration was significantly different between three wall regions [highest values for the lateral wall, median =2.03 (1.06) mg/mL]. Post-hoc analysis showed highest contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise in VMI at 40 eV (P<0.05). Conclusions: Iodine concentration in left ventricular myocardium of patients without significant coronary artery stenosis varied depending on the injection protocol and appeared more heterogeneous in different wall regions at faster injection rate and greater iodine load. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise gradually improved when decreasing VMI energy, although at the expenses of higher noise, demonstrating the potential of DE-DLCT to enhance objective image quality

Histoire politique du contemporain

Vincent Duclert, professeur agrégéPhilippe Artières, chargé de recherche au CNRSJudith Revel, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-I/Panthéon-SorbonnePerrine Simon-Nahum, chargée de recherche au CNRS Histoire des engagements intellectuels à l’époque contemporaine. Le moment politique de la philosophie française Au cours de ce séminaire, il s’est agi de comprendre l’évolution de la philosophie française lorsque, à partir des années 1930, elle se saisit d’objets et d’enjeux politiques et ..

Performance en classification de données textuelles des passages aux urgences des modèles BERT pour le français

National audienceContextualized language models based on the Transformer architecture such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) have achieved remarkable performances in various language processing tasks. CamemBERT and FlauBERT are pre-trained versions for French.We used these two models to automatically classify free clinical notes from emergency department visits following a trauma. Their performances were compared to the TF-IDF (Term-Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency) method associated with the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier on 22481 clinical notes from the emergency department of the Bordeaux University Hospital. CamemBERT and FlauBERT obtained slightly better results than the TF-IDF/SVM couple for the micro F1-score. These encouraging results allow us to consider further developments in the use of transformers in the automation of emergency department data processing in order to consider the implementation of a national observatory of trauma in France.Les modèles de langue contextualisés basés sur l'architecture Transformer tels que BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) ont atteint des performances remarquables dans des diverses tâches de traitement de la langue. CamemBERT et FlauBERT en sont des versions pré-entraînées pour le français. Nous avons utilisé ces deux modèles afin de classer automatiquement des notes cliniques libres issues de visites aux urgences à la suite d'un traumatisme. Leurs performances ont été comparées à la méthode TF-IDF (Term-Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) associé au classifieur SVM (Support Vector Machine) sur 22481 notes cliniques provenant du service des urgences du CHU de Bordeaux. CamemBERT et FlauBERT ont obtenu des résultats légèrement supérieurs à ceux du couple TF-IDF/SVM pour le micro F1-score. Ces résultats encourageants permettent d'envisager l'utilisation des transformers pour automatiser le traitement des données des urgences dans le cadre de la mise en place d'un observatoire national du traumatisme en France